When small businesses begin importing goods into the United States, compliance paperwork can feel overwhelming, and one of the first questions often asked is “how do I create an ISF file?” The Importer Security Filing, commonly called ISF or 10+2, is required for most ocean freight entering the country. Understanding what it is, who files it, and how to submit it correctly can help small importers avoid delays, penalties, and unnecessary stress at the port.
What an ISF Is and Why It Matters
An ISF is a security filing submitted to U.S. Customs and Border Protection before cargo is loaded onto a vessel bound for the United States. Its purpose is to provide advance information about shipments so customs officials can assess risk. Even for small importers shipping limited quantities, filing an ISF is mandatory in most ocean freight situations. Failure to file or filing incorrect information can result in fines, shipment holds, or inspections that slow delivery.
Who Is Responsible for Filing
The legal responsibility for filing an ISF rests with the importer of record. This is often the small business owner or company listed on the customs entry. While many importers hire a customs broker or freight forwarder to submit the ISF on their behalf, the importer is still accountable for accuracy and timeliness. Knowing this helps small importers stay involved and double check details before submission.
Information You Need Before Filing
To file an ISF, you must gather specific shipment details in advance. These typically include the seller and buyer information, manufacturer or supplier name and address, country of origin, and the Harmonized Tariff Schedule number. You will also need container stuffing location and consolidator details. Having these items ready early is important because the ISF must be filed at least 24 hours before the cargo is loaded onto the vessel overseas.
How Small Importers Actually File
Most small importers do not file an ISF directly through government systems. Instead, they use a licensed customs broker or a freight forwarder with access to the Automated Broker Interface. You provide the required data, and the broker submits the filing electronically. Some logistics software platforms also allow self filing, but this option usually requires technical setup and a customs bond. For many small businesses, working with a broker is the most practical approach.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
One common mistake is waiting too long to provide information, which can lead to late filings. Another is using estimated or incomplete data, especially for tariff classifications or supplier addresses. Small importers should also avoid assuming that booking a shipment automatically includes ISF filing. Always confirm who is responsible and request confirmation once the filing is accepted.
Keeping Records After Filing
After the ISF is submitted, small importers should keep copies of the filing confirmation and related shipping documents. Maintaining organized records helps resolve questions from customs, brokers, or carriers later. Good documentation also makes future filings faster and reduces the risk of repeating errors on similar shipments.
Conclusion
Filing an ISF may seem intimidating at first, but for small importers it becomes manageable with preparation and clear communication. By understanding your responsibility, gathering accurate information early, and working closely with a broker or logistics partner, you can meet ISF requirements without disrupting your supply chain. Taking these steps helps protect your business from penalties and ensures your shipments move smoothly into the United States.
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